Unequal Pathways: A Comparative Review of Public Transit Investments and Their Impacts on Metropolitan Households in the Global North and Global South

Keywords: Public transit investment, Spatial Accessibility, Mobility, Global North, Global South, Metropolitan areas
Abstract Type: Paper Abstract

Abstract

This study presents a comparative review of quantitative literature evaluating the impact of large public transit investments on individuals and households in metropolitan areas, focusing on the Global North and Global South. It explores differences in methodological approaches, outcome variables, and conclusions, with an emphasis on how transportation infrastructure shapes spatial mobility, accessibility, and social equity.
In the Global North, studies primarily use econometric models such as difference-in-differences (DiD) and instrumental variable (IV) methods, integrating spatial analysis to assess urban dynamics. These studies often examine property values, job accessibility, commuting patterns, and social equity. Conclusions typically highlight improvements in accessibility and commuting efficiency but note that benefits often favor higher-income populations, exacerbating spatial inequalities.
In the Global South, studies focus on issues such as accessibility to economic opportunities, impacts on informal transit networks, and access to essential services such as education and healthcare. Findings in the Global South are more varied, with some projects improving urban mobility for disadvantaged groups, while others contribute to displacement or deepen inequalities due to the lack of adequate integration with local spatial contexts.
This review underscores the importance of context in shaping the effects of transit investments, advocating for methodologies that address spatial and socioeconomic complexities, and promoting equitable transport policies tailored to regional differences.