XRF Discrimination of Marine Washover Deposits and Terrestrial Flood Deposits in Southeastern Texas Coastal Marshes

Keywords: cluster,hurricane,storm surge,sediment sources,Ike,Harvey
Abstract Type: Paper Abstract

Abstract

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, combined with cluster analysis, was used to discriminate between marine washover deposits and terrestrial flood deposits in a coastal marsh on McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Texas. A core from the marsh contains washover sediment beds previously attributed to hurricanes Ike, Rita, Carla, and Audrey. A monolith from the same marsh contains a terrestrial flood deposit attributed to Hurricane Harvey and a washover sediment bed attributed to Hurricane Ike. Clustering correctly distinguished between washover, flood, and marsh deposits. This level of discrimination was not achieved by previous studies based on loss-on-ignition and microfossil analyses because sediment from these different sources can have similar moisture, organic, carbonate, texture, and microfossil characteristics. Cluster analysis places every centimeter of a sediment core into a cluster, providing a more precise means of evaluating the relative contributions of marine and terrestrial sources. In the study area, for example, cluster analysis suggests that 50.5% of coastal marsh sediment was derived from marine sources. The XRF technique used in this study is a promising tool for discrimination of marine and terrestrial sediment sources. Further research is warranted to apply this technique in other coastal environments subject to marine and terrestrial sediment inputs.