Environmental justice, firms, and the state: Actors and advocacy strategies in Peru and Ecuador

Keywords: environmental justice, climate justice, advocacy, social movements, strategies, networks
Abstract Type: Paper Abstract

Abstract

Communities facing environmental injustices in their territories do not passively accept the destruction and dispossession of their natural and cultural resources. On the contrary, they respond in diverse ways and at various scales. The suite of strategies implemented by firms, governments, and their networks, (henceforth “pro-strategies”) have been documented in multiple case studies. Similarly, the resistance strategies deployed by environmental justice communities and organizations (henceforth “counter-strategies”) is receiving increasing attention. Systematic examinations of the social networks, the pro and counter strategies deployed by various groups involved in environmental justice conflicts, and how they co-evolve throughout and across conflicts, is needed. This paper addresses this gap by examining who is engaged, how are they organized, and what strategies do environmental justice, firms, and state actors in Peru and Ecuador use to promote and oppose environmental (in)justice cases.